This study evaluates the correlation between per student expenditure and academic achievement. Key socio-economic factors (poverty and crime)chronically impact low academic achievement as stakeholders claim that schools have been failing students for decades, while questioning the huge per student expenditure of public education. Behind the facade of socioeconomic improvement are the realities of students’ failures yawning for effective and lasting solutions. Meta research studies have indicated that effective leadership and innovative strategies must be employed to improve student achievement, socioeconomic growth, and meaningfully reduce the surging crime rate in the urban cities. Educational leadership has an inescapable responsibility to enable citizens and school systems to be better than we are, always modifying capitalized forms of life intelligence, and habits of discipline to recognize and communicate truth in any community. While test score data findings predict diminished academic performance of minority pupils, it could be equally and logically declared that underperformance by minorities in academic domains may be driven by the implicit cultural biases the educational leaders and teachers have on students’ pedagogical efficacy. Educational leadership needs to create a vision that goes beyond what policies crafted now could accomplish, and meaningfully unite all educational stakeholders, disrupt the school-to-prison pipeline for Black and Brown children in what has been branded a symbiotic relationship between the schools and the court systems. Moreover, solution-driven systemic innovative strategies must be highly incorporated to improve equality of access to effective teaching, learning, and meet high academic standards.

Authors:
Hyacinth Anucha, Bowie State University, United States

About the Presenter(s)
Dr HYACINTH ANUCHA is a University Associate Professor/Senior Lecturer at Bowie State University, Bowie, Maryland, USA., United States

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