In the education sector worldwide, problem-based learning (PBL) as a pedagogical approach has been developing along with rapid changes in teaching and learning processes, learning content, and learning outcomes. Studies show PBL enhances conceptual understanding, problem-solving skills, and student motivation compared to traditional methods. It also improves students' ability to apply theory in practice, preparing them for interdisciplinary collaboration and professional environments. This study explores students' experiences with PBL across three stages: initiation, implementation, and assessment. Survey data from 301 students at four Latvian higher education institutions (conducted in May–June 2025) indicate moderate curriculum integration, with uneven application across stages. Notably, university-provided infrastructure and convenient scheduling are significantly associated with better PBL practice across all PBL stages. Over 80% of students during the initiation stage report acquiring new knowledge through problem-based tasks; however, structured collaboration with external industry partners remains limited. Furthermore, direct interaction with industry representatives is infrequent during both the implementation and assessment stages, potentially diminishing the authenticity and real-world relevance of the learning experience. These findings highlight the need for higher education institutions to strengthen partnerships with industry and enhance structural support to ensure more consistent and effective PBL integration into practice, thereby aligning academic practices with the demands of contemporary professional environments.

The study was part of the research project "Application of problem-based learning as a pedagogical approach in higher education in Latvia" (grant No. RTU-PA-2024/1-0067) within the framework of the European Union Recovery and Resilience Mechanism-funded project No. 5.2.1.1.i.0/2/24/I/CFLA/003.

Authors:
Inese Lusena-Ezera, Riga Technical University Liepaja Academy, Latvia
Diana Liduma, Riga Technical University Liepaja Academy, Latvia
Una Libkovska, Riga Technical University Liepaja Academy, Latvia
Daina Vasilevska, Riga Technical University Liepaja Academy, Latvia

About the Presenter(s)
Dr. Diana Liduma is currently a leading researcher of Educational management at Liepaja Academy, Riga Technical University, Latvia with significant expertise in managing projects related to human resource development and problem-based learning.

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